India is a developing nation housing second largest
population in the world. Industrialization is the key to sustain the growth
story of India. Industrialisation has led to urbanization and has therefore
induced life style changes, giving rise to generation of increasing quantities
of wastes leading to increased threats to the environment. In India, 62 million
tonnes of waste is generated annually. The per capita waste generation in
Indian cities ranges from 200 grams to 600 grams per day.
Out of 62 million tonnes of waste, 43 million TPA is
collected, 11.9 million is treated and 31 million is dumped in landfill sites,
which means that only about 75-80% of the municipal waste gets collected and
only 22-28 % of this waste is processed and treated. Waste generation in India
is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people migrate to urban
areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are
rates of waste generation. As per Energy Statistics 2015, waste-to-energy
potential in India is approx. 2,556 MW , of which approximately 114.04 MW has
been harnessed till December, 2016.
It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India
will increase from 62 million tonnes to about165 million tonnes in 2030.This
will have significant impact on the amount of land that is and will be needed
for disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the
environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.
In developed countries, environmental concern is the prime
motivator for the countries to invest in waste-to-energy projects, which help
in treating and safe disposition of wastes. Energy or power is considered as a
by-product, improves the viability of such projects.
In an aim to boost WTE sector in India, Ministry of
Environment and Forests has revised Solid Waste Management Rules which has
introduced responsibility on generators to segregate waste into three
categories รข€“ Wet, Dry and Hazardous Waste. The new Rules also assign
responsibility on local bodies having 1 million or more population to set up
waste processing facilities within two years. India, with its ambitious target
of adding 175 GW of renewable energy to the grid by 2022 plans to add 10 GW of
electricity generation capacity from bio-power.
Further, the Tariff Policy 2016 mandates power distributors
to buy all the electricity generated from waste-to-energy plants in a state and
the remunerative tariff set for it by the Central Electricity Regulatory
Commission (CERC) has helped raise investor interest in this segment. The
municipal corporations are expected to receive Rs.15,000 crore over the next
three years under the Swachh Bharat Mission for cleanliness, waste-management
and waste-to-energy projects. Also, the government is also setting up a $1.25
billion fund, backed by state-owned Power Finance Corp. Ltd and Rural
Electrification Corp. Ltd along with some private institutions. These
allocations, together with private partnerships, could result in an investment
of about Rs.65,000 crore in these projects over the next three years.
Spanning over 202 pages “Waste to Energy
Opportunities in India” report covers Executive Summary, Approach &
Methodology, Types of WTE projects, Key Regulations & Policies governing
Waste to Energy (WTE) Sector, Policy/Financial Incentives for establishment of
WTE projects in India, State-wise potential of WTE in India, State-wise
capacity addition over the years, Permits & Clearances - assessing ease of
setting WTEproject in India, Best States to invest in WTE projects in India,
Appropriate Technology Options, State-wise Tariffs applicable for WTE projects
in India, Market participants in WTE Sector in India, Status of MSW based Power
Generation Projects, Challenges faced byWTE Projects in India.
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